How do I get rid of cellulite?

Medically speaking, there is no such thing as cellulite. It is just plain, old body fat that clumps and bumps on the thighs, tummy, and hips of up to 90% of women. You get rid of it just the same way as you would get rid of any body fat, with these 4 guidelines (along with exercise, of course!):

1. Lose weight gradually. Cut 100 to 600 calories from your current intake that, when combined with the 400 calories you will burn daily in exercise, will result in a one to two pound weight loss each week. This ensures you lose the fat in those dimples (you will be losing water and muscle if you drop weight more rapidly!). Cutting 100 calories can be as simple as eliminating a tablespoon of butter or margarine from your daily diet.

2. Cut out the junk. The more processed a food, the higher its calories, fat, and/or sugar and the lower its fiber. Compared to fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and other “real” foods, many processed foods are “calorie dense,” that is – they pack a big calorie bang for their nutrient buck. (Hint: There is 440 calories in one 12-Grain Bran Muffin at Starbucks compared to 86 calories in a slice of whole wheat bread). The combined effect of more calories and less fiber means these foods are less likely to fill us up, so we gobble more and gain weight. A study from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta found that the more calorie-dense processed foods people consume, the more body fat they accumulate, while the more real foods they included in their diets, the lower their calorie intakes and body weights.

In addition, dietary fat, which is a big contributor to a food’s caloric density, is more fattening than protein or carbs. Dietary fat is more readily stored as body fat, if only because the body must work harder to convert carbohydrates and protein to body fat, while dietary fat can be stored as is. That increased work equates to a slight loss of calories. In short, the combination of daily exercise plus a low-fat, fiber-rich diet places the body in a calorie deficit that promotes fat loss.

3. Watch portions. Heap the plate with produce and watch portions of everything else. Too much of anything (except vegetables) can cause weight gain if you end up consuming more calories than you burn in exercise. It also is as much about what you pour into your glass as what you stack on the plate. Calories in drinks add up quickly, yet don’t fill us up, so are extra calories added onto what we already eat. This goes for any clear liquid – from soft drinks to martinis. In fact, researchers at the University of Minnesota conclude that soft drinks are “…one of the primary culprits in the escalating rates of obesity..” Alcoholic beverages are no better, with popular drinks, such as Margaritas, Cosmos, and Long Island ice teas packing 100s of calories per glass. Stick to recommended portions of grains, cheese, and meat; switch to diet soft drinks or water, and drink alcohol in moderation, if at all.

In contrast, vegetables and fruits are Mother Nature’s perfect “diet” foods, packed with vitamins, minerals, fiber, and phytochemicals and low in fat and calories. Fruits and vegetables are the tried-and-true core, the very basis, of a successful weight-loss diet. They fill you up without filling you out, which explains why study after study shows – the more colorful produce a person adds to the diet, the easier time they have managing their weight and the lower their risk for all major diseases. Studies from the Pennsylvania State University confirm this finding that a tossed salad (light on the dressing!) or a glass of V8 juice prior to a meal takes the edge off appetite, so people eat fewer calories, yet feel full and satisfied.

Aim for 9 servings a day of fresh, frozen, cooked, and raw, with a few being juiced or dried. To reach this goal, include at least two fruits and/or vegetables at every meal and at least one at every snack. That does not mean you must eat eight different fruits and vegetables; you can double a serving to reach this goal.

4. Graze, don’t gorge. Large, infrequent meals might set up a feast-or-famine scenario where the body stores more calories as a safeguard against what it perceives as a famine. In contrast, divide the same amount of calories into five or more little meals and snacks and you trigger the body to “burn” the food for immediate energy rather than store it in the hips and thighs. Space meals, starting with breakfast, so that no more than four hours goes by between a light meal or snack. Definitely do not skip meals! You will overeat later in the day, and be tempted by all the wrong foods!

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Does vitamin C help prevent the common cold?

While you can get all the vitamin C you need from foods to help you prevent the common cold, you might need to supplement with this vitamin once you feel a cold coming on. A few studies have verified that while vitamin C might not prevent the cold from happening, it will help curb its severity and duration. Begin supplementing with 250 milligrams or more at the first signs of a cold. That’s only for adults; young children are much more susceptible to toxicity effects from vitamins and minerals, so keep their intake to within recommended levels or discuss higher doses with your physician.

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Everyone tells me to eat my “greens.” Can you explain why they are so important?

Dark greens, like spinach, kale, collards, and chard, are some of the most mood and energy-enhancing foods on the planet. Calorie for calorie, you get more vitamins, minerals, phytonutrients and fiber than almost any other food. Greens clean arteries, protect brain cells from aging and depression, and improve blood flow to all body parts, thus lowering the risk for heart disease, cancer, vision loss, stroke, dementia, high blood pressure, wrinkling and skin cancer, erectile dysfunction, and loss of libido. They are rich in antioxidants, potassium, B vitamins, vitamin C, magnesium, calcium, zinc, iron, chlorophyll, and a host of phytonutrients from carotenoids to polyphenols and betaine. You honestly can’t get to your optimal vitality without greens.

How much do you need? Aim for at least 2 servings a day of the darkest greens you can find. A serving is 1 cup raw and 1/2 cup cooked. Include spinach or baby greens in salads and sandwiches. Steam them and add to mashed potatoes, lasagna, soups, and stews. Saute them with garlic in olive oil.

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Can making a few changes in my diet really make that much of a difference in my risk for heart disease?

Absolutely! Studies, including ones from the University of Toronto, have found that after one month of eating healthfully, people lowered their cholesterol by 29%, which is what you would expect from taking statin medications! While the statin medications come with a load of potential side effects, from nausea and headaches to liver failure, the only side effect of eating a heart-healthy diet is you may lose a few pounds and live longer.

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I hear that coconut oil can help me lose weight and lower heart disease. Is this true?

A little coconut won’t hurt, but don’t be fooled by recent diet books that tout coconut oil as the secret ingredient for weight loss and health. Unlike most nuts that contain heart-healthy fats, the main fat in coconut is saturated fat (at ~ 92% saturated fat, coconut oil makes butter and lard look like health food!). However, the main saturated fat in coconut oil is lauric acid, which is a “medium-chain triglyceride” or MCT. Unlike the longer saturated fats in dairy products and meat, MCTs are shorter, more quickly absorbed, and likely to be burned for energy, rather than stored as fat. Numerous studies show that MCTs increase metabolism, aid in weight loss, and lower body fat. Lauric acid also is mildly effective in protecting against liver damage, possibly aiding thyroid function, and providing some anti-inflammatory benefits. That’s the argument to justify drinking coconut-laden smoothies with 93% fat calories – hey, it’s mostly MCTs, so you’ll drop pounds just downing the shake!

Like the old adage says, “If it sounds to good to be true, it probably is.” There are no studies on coconut and weight loss (or even other health links like Alzheimer’s disease), only mixed evidence using purified MCTs. Even then, these fats appear useful mainly for hospitalized patients requiring tube feedings. For the healthy person who wants to drop a few pounds or even avoid weight gain, the research is scanty at best. And, get this – you must consume half your calories as MCTs to see results, which is a lot more than you could realistically get from coconuts and also could cause side effects, including nerve damage and intestinal cramping. In short, I don’t know of any good data on long-term weight changes using food, including coconut, as a source of MCTs. If people lose weight with coconut, it’s because they cut calories, not because they sprinkled coconut on their chicken.

OK, so coconut oil isn’t the Promised Land for weight loss, but is it good for your health? The proponents of coconut say we’ve been duped into thinking that the saturated fats in tropical oils are bad for us, pointing out that we’ve “…drastically reduced saturated fats…[which] has not solved the nation’s health problems.” They say lauric acid in coconut oil lowers, not raises, heart-disease risk, as proven by the low rates of heart disease in coconut-eating cultures such as India.

First, saturated fats, along with trans fats, are major contributors to heart disease, it’s just that few people follow the dietary advice to cut back. Second, while cultures where people eat coconut-rich diets sometimes do have a lower incidence of disease, there is no proof it is because of coconut. It could be that these people are at low risk because they are lean, physically active, and eat traditional diets rich in fruits, vegetables, and other real foods. In contrast, adding coconut oil to the fat- and sugar-laden American diet is like pouring kerosine on a blazing fire of obesity.

The evidence linking coconut oil to heart disease is contradictory, but points sharply in the direction of caution. Some studies show lauric acid might improve the ratio of bad cholesterol (LDL) to good cholesterol (HDL), thus lowering heart-disease risk. Even then, coconut oil is no where near as beneficial as switching from butter to olive oil. Coconut oil should be judged on it’s entire fat content, not just it’s lauric acid. Coconut oil also contains myristic acid, a fat that dramatically raises blood cholesterol levels. Keep in mind, decades of studies show that tropical oils, including coconut oil, actually raise, not lower, heart disease risk, which is why they were removed from processed foods in the first place. Even researchers from countries, such as India, recommend a decrease in coconut oil consumption to reduce their rising heart-disease rates. Based on the research and information we have to date, I can’t imagine returning to coconut oil is a good. In short, if coconut has any effect on metabolism it is modest compared to its potential to raise your risk for heart disease.

Don’t get me wrong. Coconut has redeeming qualities. Virgin coconut oil (made by pressing coconut meat with minimal heat to remove the oil) has some antioxidant-rich vitamin E and phytochemicals called polyphenols. Coconut flakes also have some fiber. Small amounts added now and then also add flavor and enjoyment to a meal. Until we know more about the long-term health effects of this fat, it’s best to err on the side of caution – if you use coconut milk in cooking, grab the “light” version, which has 70% less fat and 65% fewer calories. Then use it sparingly.

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